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The AI-Driven All-Nutrient Diet Daniel S, L. Roberts, Ph.D. Foodpsychology.ca
Summary: The AI-Driven All-Nutrient Diet is designed to optimize meal planning by ensuring the inclusion of all essential and non-essential nutrients necessary for optimal health. Utilizing artificial intelligence, this dietary approach aligns meal compositions with Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA), providing a data-driven, personalized framework for nutrition. By utilizing AI-based analysis, the AI-Driven All-Nutrient Diet tailors meal plans to individual needs, promoting optimal health, wellness, and longevity through a balanced, evidence-based approach. In contrast, the prevalent Western diet, characterized by high consumption of ultra-processed foods, often fails to provide the necessary nutrients to sustain cellular function, tissue repair, and overall physiological well-being. This nutritional inadequacy has significant implications for metabolic health, contributing to the rise of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and cognitive decline. To address these issues, we developed AI-driven algorithms capable of generating nutritionally complete diets that meet RDA guidelines. To evaluate the efficacy of this approach, a comparative analysis was conducted, assessing the nutrient composition and health impact of the Western diet versus the AI-Driven All-Nutrient Diet. The findings indicate that excessive reliance on ultra-processed foods not only compromises nutrient intake but also increases the risk of metabolic dysfunction and long-term health complications. In contrast, AI-generated menu plans offer a nutrient-optimized alternative that supports overall well-being and disease prevention. These results underscore the potential of AI-driven dietary interventions in improving public health outcomes through personalized and precise nutritional strategies.
Nutrients are categorized as essential and non-essential based on our organism’s ability to synthesize them. Essential nutrients include vitamins, minerals, certain amino acids, and fatty acids that cannot be produced by the body and must be obtained through dietary sources. In contrast, non-essential nutrients can be synthesized by the body, given that adequate dietary intake provides the necessary precursors. Although this classification provides a useful framework, all nutrients—essential and non-essential—have a critical role in all physiological functions, including metabolism, growth, and immune support, as well as tissue repair, neurotransmitter and hormone synthesis, enzyme activation, and fluid and electrolyte balance. As such, imbalance in nutrient intake—whether due to deficiencies or excessive consumption—can lead to adverse health outcomes. The modern Western diet is estimated to consist of approximately 70% processed foods, with more than 60% classified as ultra-processed (Steele, Popkin, Swinburn et al, 2017). These ultra-processed foods contain high levels of added sugars, unhealthy fats, and artificial additives while being low in essential nutrients such as fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Consequently, a diet heavily reliant on processed foods can contribute to inadequate nutrient intake, often associated with multiple adverse health effects (Lane, Gamache, Due et al., 2024; Steele, Baraldi, Louzada et al., 2016; Monteiro, Cannon, Moubarac et al., 2018). A deficiency in a single nutrient can have serious health outcomes. For instance, a lack of levocarnitine (a naturally occurring amino acid) can lead to significant adverse health outcomes. In fact, research has shown that low levels of levocarnitine are associated with reduced sperm count and impaired male fertility (Lenzi et al., 2003). However, dietary adjustments and supplemental levocarnitine intake has been demonstrated to positively influence male reproductive health, improving key sperm parameters such as motility, concentration, and morphology (Balercia, Regoli, Armeni et al., 2005; Zhang & Cui, 2020). Prevalence of nutrient deficiencies. Several studies have shown that a significant portion of the population in Western countries do not meet the dietary requirements for essential nutrients. In the United States, for example, more than 50% of the population does not consume adequate amounts of at least 10 essential nutrients, and over 90% fall short in meeting the recommended intake for at least four key nutrients through their regular diet (Bird, Murphy, Ciappio et al., 2017; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [HHS] & U.S. Department of Agriculture [USDA], 2015). In a 2006 study, Misner (2006) examined a sample comprising equal numbers of male and female participants, including fourteen athletes. The findings revealed that each participant experienced dietary shortfalls ranging from three (3) to seventeen (17) essential vitamins and minerals. These results emphasize that even individuals with physically active lifestyles, who are often perceived as being more health-conscious, can experience substantial dietary nutrient gaps and be susceptible to develop adverse health effects. Other studies have identified nutrient shortfalls across a variety of dietary patterns, including low-carbohydrate, vegetarian, omnivorous, and pescatarian diets (Beal, Ortenzi, & Fanzo, 2022; Espinosa-Salas & Gonzales-Arias, 2023; Passarelli et al., 2024). These findings suggest that nutrient inadequacies are not exclusive to any one dietary template but are instead a common issue across diverse eating patterns. Although the intake of certain nutrients—such as iron, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B3 (niacin), and sodium—may remain relatively stable regardless of ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption, individuals with a diet high in ultra-processed food frequently fall short of the recommended daily values for key nutrients. These include dietary fiber, magnesium, vitamins A and E, potassium, calcium, zinc, as well as vitamins D and B12. Role of nutrients in metabolic health A diet high in ultra-processed foods has shown to contribute to overeating. Hall, Ayuketah, Brychna et al. (2019) examined the effects of ultra-processed diets versus unprocessed diets on caloric intake and weight gain. The study employed a crossover design, where participants consumed a diet consisting of either 83% of their daily caloric intake from ultra-processed foods or 83% from unprocessed foods for two weeks. After this period, participants switched to the alternate diet. The findings revealed that, while following the ultra-processed food diet, participants consumed an average of 500 more calories per day and gained approximately two pounds. In contrast, when adhering to the unprocessed food diet, participants lost an average of two pounds. Surplus weight and obesity are often linked to key nutrient deficiencies, contributing to metabolic imbalances, inflammation, and weight-related health issues. Commonly deficient nutrients include vitamin A and B vitamins, vitamin D, biotin, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), iron, and carnitine. The adequate intake of essential nutrients plays a crucial role in supporting metabolic health. For instance, vitamin D improved insulin sensitivity and fat metabolism, while B vitamins, particularly B5 and B6, are essential for energy production and neurotransmitter function. Coenzyme Q10, an important antioxidant, supports cellular energy production and can mitigate obesity-related oxidative stress. Additionally, iron and carnitine contribute to fat metabolism and energy expenditure, playing a role in weight management (Garcia, Long & Rosado, 2009; Sanoobar et al., 2016). Cognition and dietary nutrient gaps Numerous studies have indicated that nutritional deficiencies can have a profound impact on cognitive development as well as overall cognitive functioning. Proper brain function relies on a well-balanced intake of all nutrients: essential and non-essential nutrients. Insufficient consumption can lead to cognitive impairments that affect learning, memory, and executive functions. Among the most critical nutrients for cognitive health are iodine, iron, zinc, and various B vitamins, all of which play distinct roles in brain development and function. Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production, which regulates brain development, particularly during pregnancy and early childhood. Research shows that iodine deficiency during gestation can result in lower IQ scores and impaired cognitive abilities in children (Zimmermann, 2009). Severe iodine deficiency has been linked to conditions characterized by profound intellectual disability and developmental delays. Even mild iodine deficiency in school-age children has been associated with reduced cognitive performance, indicating the critical role of iodine in maintaining optimal brain function. Similarly, iron deficiency has been extensively studied for its effects on cognitive abilities. Iron plays a vital role in oxygen transport and neurotransmitter synthesis, both of which are essential for brain function. Studies have demonstrated that iron deficiency, particularly in infancy and early childhood, can lead to impaired attention, reduced IQ, and deficits in memory and executive functions (Lozoff, 2007). In addition to childhood development, iron deficiency anemia in adults has been associated with fatigue, decreased concentration, and diminished cognitive performance (Devarshi, Gustafson & Grant, 2014). Zinc, another mineral nutrient, is crucial for synaptic transmission and neurogenesis. Zinc deficiency has been linked to cognitive deficits, including difficulties with attention, memory, and problem-solving skills (Black, 1998) Furthermore, zinc plays a role in regulating stress responses, and inadequate levels have been associated with increased susceptibility to mood disorders and impaired cognitive resilience. In addition, B vitamins, including B6, B9 (folate), and B12, are integral to brain function and neurological health. These vitamins contribute to neurotransmitter synthesis, DNA production, and myelin formation, all of which are essential for cognitive processes. Deficiencies in B vitamins have been associated with cognitive decline, memory impairment, and an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, folate deficiency has been linked to developmental issues during pregnancy, potentially leading to neural tube defects and long-term cognitive impairments in offspring (O’Leary & Samman, 2010). Benefits of a balanced nutrient diet Undoubtedly, the nutrients in the foods we eat are the foundation of our health; not just health but wellness, and longevity. Hence, addressing nutrient deficiencies or dietary nutrient gaps through a balanced diet is fundamental to maintaining optimal health, as well as preventing the progression of chronic diseases. The AI-Driven All-Nutrient-Diet ensures that your body receives a full spectrum of essential nutrients needed for daily functioning and long-term wellness. A 2021 study by Hanley-Cook et al (2021) examined nearly half a million individuals across nine European countries over a 22-year period and found that greater dietary species richness was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality. Participants who consumed 81 or more different species (i.e., a variety) of foods over the course of a year had a lower mortality risk compared to those with a dietary species richness of 48 or fewer species (Hanley-Cook, Huybrechts, Biessy et al., 2021). Another study estimated that adopting a healthier more balance diet starting at age 20—characterized by increased consumption of vegetables, fruits, legumes, fish, whole grains, and a handful of nuts daily while reducing ultra-processed foods—could extend life expectancy by approximately 11 years for males and 13 years for females. The same study found that adopting these dietary changes at age 60 could still result in an average life expectancy increase of eight years, while implementing these changes at age 80 could add approximately 3.4 additional years (Fadnes, Økland, Haalandet al., 2022). These findings underscore the vital role of essential nutrients in supporting overall health and preventing disease. A diet rich in whole foods provides not only the necessary macronutrients—such as proteins, healthy fats, and complex carbohydrates—but also a wide range of essential micronutrients. Together, they contribute to critical bodily functions, including cardiovascular health, cognitive performance, and immune system regulation (Gibney et al., 2019). In contrast, diets high in ultra-processed foods—often laden with trans fats, added sugars, and excessive sodium—have been strongly associated with increased risk of chronic diseases, including heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain forms of cancer. It goes without saying that reducing the intake of these foods, while emphasizing whole foods, nutrient-dense options, is a key strategy for promoting long-term health and well-being. Ergothioneine: A key nutrient for longevity and quality of life Certain nutrients also promote long-term wellness. Ergothioneine is often under-consumed nutrient with profound health benefits. Ergothioneine is a nonproteinogenic amino acid; that is, it is not among the twenty essential amino acid our bodies use to make protein. Ergothioneine is a major antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties that contribute to reducing the risk of chronic diseases, supporting mental health, enhancing reproductive health, and promoting longevity. Mushrooms are the dominant food source of ergothioneine. Ergothioneine is also found in blue-green algae, legumes, and some meats. Several studies have highlighted the significant impact of ergothioneine on health, as well as wellness, and longevity. A 2020 study that followed 3,200 health-conscious individuals over more than two decades examined the relationship between 112 different blood metabolites and cardiovascular disease risk as well as all-cause mortality. Among all the metabolites analyzed, ergothioneine was one of the nutrient consistently associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease and death—individuals with higher blood levels of ergothioneine also had a significantly reduced mortality risk (Smith, Ottoson, Hellstrand et al., 2020). Another article in 2020 was conducted on elderly hospital patients, analyzing 131 blood metabolites to examine their association with frailty and cognitive impairment. Results show that individuals with lower levels of ergothioneine were significantly more likely to experience both conditions: cognitive impairments and frailty (the body having difficulty recovering from illnesses and injuries on its own). These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence supporting the role of ergothioneine as an essential nutrient for overall health, particularly in promoting longevity, and preserving cognitive function in aging populations (Kameda et al., 2020). Nutrients supporting bodily functions Nutrients have a fundamental role in sustaining life by providing the necessary components for cellular function, energy production, and disease prevention. The human body requires a diverse range of nutrients, broadly categorized into two primary groups: macronutrients and micronutrients. Macronutrients, which include proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, are required in larger quantities as they provide the body with energy and serve as the foundational building blocks for cellular structures. Carbohydrates, for instance, are the body’s most readily available energy source, with glucose being the preferred fuel for brain function and metabolic processes. Fats, on the other hand, serve as a long-term energy reserve, contribute to cell membrane integrity, and facilitate the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Macronutrients—including vitamins, minerals, phytonutrients, and other bioactive compounds—are required in smaller amounts. Though in trace presence, they are indispensable for maintaining physiological processes. For example, vitamin C is crucial for collagen synthesis and immune function, while vitamin D plays a significant role in calcium absorption and bone health (Gombart, Pierre, & Maggini, 2020). Similarly, minerals such as iron, zinc, and magnesium contribute to oxygen transport, enzymatic reactions, and nerve function. Furthermore, micronutrients support DNA synthesis, cellular signaling, and antioxidant defense mechanisms, protecting the body against oxidative stress and chronic diseases. The consequences of nutrient deficiencies To ensure optimal health, it is essential to replenish nutrient stores regularly through a well-balanced diet that includes all essential as well as non-essential nutrients, which are obtained through a wide range of foods. Nutrient deficiencies can often lead to a decline in the efficiency of biochemical reactions, resulting in decreased production of vital bio-components such as hormones, enzymes, and neurotransmitters. Chronic deficiencies can also impair immune function, hinder tissue regeneration, and contribute to the progression of various diseases, including osteoporosis, anemia, and cardiovascular disorders (Espinosa-Salas & Gonzales-Arias, 2023. The impact of nutrient deficiencies on health Inadequate dietary intake of essential nutrients is widely recognized as a major contributor to malnutrition-related diseases across populations. A deficiency in a single nutrient can result in specific, and sometimes severe, health conditions. For example, iron-deficiency anemia arises from insufficient iron intake, impairing the body’s ability to produce healthy red blood cells. Similarly, a lack of vitamin C leads to scurvy, characterized by fatigue, bleeding gums, and impaired wound healing. Furthermore, inadequate levels of vitamin D result in rickets, a condition marked by weakened and deformed bones, particularly in children. Deficiencies in B vitamins lead to distinct clinical disorders: beriberi, caused by insufficient vitamin B1 (thiamine), affects the cardiovascular and nervous systems, while pellagra, linked to a deficiency in vitamin B3 (niacin), is associated with dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. The synergistic role of nutrients Of importance, is that nutrients do not function independently; rather, they work together, synergistically and in harmony to maintain homeostasis and facilitate critical biochemical reactions. As such, nutrient deficiencies are rarely isolated to a single element but often involve multiple nutrients simultaneously, affecting various biological systems within the body. A deficiency in magnesium, for instance, has been associated with both cardiovascular disorders and neurological impairments due to its role in nerve function and muscle contraction (Xue et al., 2019). Similarly, inadequate zinc levels can weaken the immune system while also affecting wound healing and cognitive function (Wikipedia, 2025). Given the interconnected nature of nutrient interactions, ensuring a well balance diet is essential for maintaining optimal health and preventing the adverse effects of nutritional imbalances. A diet rich in whole foods, nutrient-dense foods is to provide the body with the necessary vitamins, minerals, and macronutrients required for proper biological functions. To achieve this, dietary diversity is crucial. Incorporating a variety of lean proteins, healthy fats, fiber-rich carbohydrates, and adequate servings of fruits and vegetables helps prevent nutrient deficiencies and supports overall well-being, including cognitive health. Historical evidence about using nutrients to manage health conditions Of interest, historical evidence demonstrates that targeted dietary strategies have long been effective in addressing nutritional deficiencies and managing health conditions. For example, ancient Egyptians supplemented their diets with liver, a nutrient-dense food rich in both vitamin A and iron. Vitamin A is essential for maintaining healthy vision and supporting immune function, whereas iron is crucial for effective oxygen transport and metabolic processes. Similarly, during extended maritime voyages at the beginning of the eighteenth century, sailors relied on citrus fruits—particularly lemons—to maintain adequate vitamin C levels. Without sufficient vitamin C, seafarers were susceptible to scurvy, a debilitating disease characterized by swollen and bleeding gums, joint pain, and fatigue. Vitamin C is vital for collagen synthesis, wound healing, and immune system function. In a modern context, dietary interventions and personalized nutrition, along with dietary assessments and supplementation have helped address specific deficiencies and optimize health outcomes. For instance, President Franklin D. Roosevelt was prescribed a low-sodium diet to help manage his high blood pressure. Excess sodium or salt is known to increase blood volume and place undue strain on the heart and blood vessels, thereby elevating the risk of cardiovascular complications. Essential and non-essential nutrients Essential nutrients include 15 minerals,13 vitamins, 9 amino acids, and 2 fatty acids. Table 1 in Appendix A provides an overview of essential and non-essential nutrients. Let's reiterate that though certain nutrients are classified as non-essential because the body can synthesize them, it is important to recognize that all nutrients play vital roles in maintaining health. Even minor deficiencies can disrupt metabolic processes, leading to interrelated diseases. Minerals: Minerals are classified into two broad categories based on the quantities required by the body: macro-minerals and trace minerals. Macro-minerals are needed in larger amounts—typically exceeding 100 milligrams per day—and include elements such as calcium, phosphorus, and potassium. In contrast, trace minerals, though required in much smaller quantities, remain vital for various biochemical functions. While minerals are indispensable, an excessive intake can lead to toxicity. For instance, hyperphosphatemia, a condition characterized by elevated phosphorus levels, may occur in individuals with kidney disease or those who consume excessive supplements. This imbalance can lead to calcium deposits in tissues, a reduction in blood calcium levels, and potential bone loss if the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio is disrupted. Vitamins: Vitamins are organic compounds that help with functions like immunity, energy production, blood clotting, and more. Some vitamins are water-soluble (like vitamin B and vitamin C), which means our body does not store them, so we need a regular supply. Other vitamins are fat-soluble (e.g., vitamins A, D, E, and K), meaning our body can store them in fatty tissues. However, excesses of these soluble vitamins can lead to toxicity. Vitamins are involved in a multitude of enzyme reactions. For example, vitamin B6, or pyridoxine, is involved in over 100 enzyme reactions, which helps the body process amino acids, in manufacturing neurotransmitters and hormones, as well as forming hemoglobin. Vitamin B6 also helps regulate homocysteine, and amino acids that impact health when building up. Amino acids: Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Protein is all important. It comprises the enzymes in our body, without which all of those unseen chemical reactions could not take place. As an adult, we need at least 9 grams of protein daily for every 20 pounds of body weight (2). That protein can come from a number of dietary sources. Our body depends on the twenty different types of amino acids to form the sixteen hundred or so basic proteins that compose 75 percent of our body weight, including structural muscles, bones, skin, and almost every other tissue that composes our organs. Amino acids are involved in the growth, repair, and maintenance of our body. Most importantly, they are sources of energy that play a vital role in brain development and functions. Fatty acids: In foods and in our bodies, fats come in various forms, including triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols (like cholesterol). A useful distinction is also made between saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids. Food high in saturated fats often comes from animal sources (butter, cheese, fatty meats) and some plant sources (coconut oil, and palm oil). Unsaturated fats are classified as monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Omega-3 and omega-6 are among polyunsaturated fatty acids that are essential, meaning the body cannot make them. They must come from the food we eat. A dietary ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids is about 4:1 is recommended, meaning that a lower omega-6 to omega-3 ratio can help reduce chronic inflammation and lower the risk of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease. Impact of minerals containing rare earth elements Recent scientific research has increasingly focused on the impact of minerals containing rare earth elements (REEs) on human health. These elements, often found in trace amounts dissolved in water or absorbed by plants, can enter the food chain and subsequently accumulate in the human body. While many of these elements are reported as being non-essential for human biology, some have been reported to affect enzymes, cellular signaling, calcium homeostasis, and oxidative stress responses. In that regard, in vitro studies have demonstrated that rare earth elements can activate metabolic pathways leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, DNA damage, and apoptosis (i.e., a form of programmed cell death) in various cell lines. These effects suggest potential cyto-toxicity, particularly in neuronal cells, where REE exposure has been associated with altered cell viability, morphology, and mitochondrial function (Brouziotis, Giarra, Libralato et al., 2022; Wang, et al., 2024; Li, Ji, Qin et al., 2014). Given these findings, ongoing research is investigating the potential health risks associated with exposure to rare earth elements, especially considering that REEs can enter the human body through multiple pathways, including ingestion of contaminated food and water, leading to organ a dysfunctions. These dysfunctions may arise from changes in genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, as well as disruptions in signaling pathways. Table 2 in Appendix A presents examples of minerals containing rare earth elements. Enhancing personalized nutrition through AI Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing the field of nutrition by introducing innovative approaches to personalized dietary planning. With advancements in machine learning, big data analytics, and predictive modeling, AI-powered systems have the capability to assess individual dietary patterns, identify nutrient deficiencies, and generate tailored menu plans that enhance overall health and well-being (Theodore Arman et al., 2024; Côté & Lamarche, 2022). The effectiveness of AI-driven nutritional guidance depends on the clarity and specificity of precise prompts given to AI platforms, which influence the system’s ability to generate relevant and accurate and personalized dietary plans. By refining the structure and content of prompts, users can ensure that AI platforms produce dietary plans and meals that are aligned with their unique health goals, dietary preferences, and medical conditions (Joshi, Bisht, Kumar et al., 2024; Kwon, 2020; Topol, 2019). Also, incorporating lifestyle factors into AI-generated dietary planning ensures that dietary recommendations are both practical and sustainable. AI models can analyze data related to an individual’s physical activity levels, cultural food preferences, and daily routines, allowing for meal plans that are not only nutritionally appropriate but also feasible within a person’s lifestyle constraints (Garcia & Lee, 2021). For example, an AI-generated menu plan for an athlete may emphasize protein intake and meal timing, while a plan for a sedentary office worker may focus on portion control and nutrient-dense foods. This personalized approach can significantly improve adherence to dietary recommendations and fosters long-term health improvements (Papastratis et al., 2024; Levingstone et al., 2022).
Creating meal plans that fit the AI-Driven All-Nutrient-Diet: The aim of the AI-Driven All-Nutrient Diet is to optimize meal plans designed to provide complete nutrition by incorporating all essential and non-essential nutrients—vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and fatty acids—necessary for optimal health, wellness, and longevity. Powered by AI, the Ai-Driven All Nutrient Diet ensures meals are aligned with the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) while prioritizing minimally processed, whole, and nutrient-dense foods from a diverse range of food sources. By leveraging data-driven insights, the generated Ai-Driven All Nutrient Diet tailors’ meals to individual needs, promoting optimal health, energy, and longevity through a balanced, evidence-based approach to nutrition. What follows is an example of a menu plan generated by ChatGPT:
Personalized menu plan for optimal health I am a 28-year-old male in good health, standing 5 feet 9 inches tall and weighing 150 pounds. To support optimal health, create a weekly menu plan that ensures the intake of all essential and non-essential nutrients, including vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and fatty acids. The weekly menu plan must meet the following criteria:
To further refine and improve the content of menu and meal planning, additional steps can be incorporated into this algorithm. Users can ask Catgut to generate a list of supplementary strategies that enhance the effectiveness of the AI-driven meal planning process. These additional steps should be incorporated at the end of a personalized menu plan to maximize nutritional benefits and overall health outcomes. The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) refers to the daily intake level of essential nutrients that is considered sufficient to meet the nutritional needs of 98–99% of healthy individuals within a specific age and gender group. On the Body Max Index, ask ChatGPT to determine your Body Mass Index (BMI) based on your height (e.g., 5 feet 9 inches tall) and weight (e.g., 150 pounds). Then, you can ask for a BMI classification table, along with details for where you fit in based on your BMI. Food quality and nutritional value: A systematic approach to meal planning When developing meal plans, it is essential to use precise terminology that accurately reflects the nutritional value of different foods. Key terms such as whole foods, nutrient-dense foods, organic, unprocessed or minimally processed foods, fortified foods, and balanced meals play a crucial role in generating both the composition of meals and their overall nutrient content. These classifications ensure that dietary recommendations prioritize high-quality ingredients that promote optimal health and well-being. Whole, nutrient-dense foods supply essential vitamins and minerals while reducing exposure to additives and artificial ingredients. In parallel, balanced meals contribute to overall health by ensuring an appropriate distribution of both macronutrients and micronutrients, which are critical for maintaining physiological functions. Furthermore, the use of clear and standardized nutritional terminology enables both individuals and professionals—such as nutritionists and researchers—to make informed, evidence-based decisions about dietary practices. As well, applying specific criteria to evaluate meal plans enhances the accuracy of nutrient intake assessments, dietary quality analysis, and the identification of areas that need improvement. A systematic approach to food categorization clarifies how different foods contribute to overall nutrition, guiding dietary adjustments for better health outcomes. By implementing structured meal analysis, individuals can assess the strengths and limitations of a meal plan, making necessary modifications to optimize long-term health and well-being. Integrating established diets into the AI-Driven All-Nutrient Diet Personalized menu plans can be tailored to align with an individual's preferred dietary patterns, integrating well-established diets such as the Mediterranean diet and the Blue Zones diet. These dietary patterns are recognized for their distinct health benefits and nutritional focus, making them valuable frameworks for optimizing long-term well-being. The Mediterranean diet is regarded as being beneficial dietary patterns for cardiovascular health. Emphasizing whole foods, healthy fats, and a variety of plant-based ingredients, the Mediterranean diet has been extensively studied for its role in reducing the risk of chronic diseases (Estruch et al., 2013). Similarly, the Blue Zones diet is based on the traditional eating habits of populations in regions where people experience the highest life expectancy and the lowest incidence of chronic illnesses (Buettner, 2015). These diets share common elements, including a focus on minimally processed foods, nutrient-dense plant-based options, and balanced macronutrient intake, which contribute to overall health. Ensuring adequate dietary intake A comprehensive assessment of the AI-Driven All-Nutrient Diet is essential in determining whether it provides all the necessary nutrients for sustaining optimal health. This evaluation involves analyzing its nutritional composition to ensure it meets the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for all nutrients. By systematically comparing the menu plan with established dietary guidelines, potential nutrient deficiencies or excesses can be identified, both of which may impact overall health outcomes. Beyond general nutrient adequacy, it is crucial also to assess whether the diet aligns with an individual’s age, gender, and specific health requirements. Since nutritional needs vary based on life stage, metabolic rate, and physiological conditions, a personalized approach is necessary to determine whether the diet effectively supports metabolic functions, immune health, and disease prevention. In other words, tailoring nutrient intake to an individual's unique requirements enhances the diet’s ability to promote long-term well-being and prevent nutrition-related disorders. The following systematic nutrient assessment aims at establishing whether a menu plan meets essential nutrient requirements and supports long-term health.
Comprehensive nutrient analysis based on specific menus or meals Conduct a detailed analysis of all essential nutrients—minerals, amino acids, vitamins, and fatty acids—based on the dietary intake outlined in the meals (breakfast, lunch, snacks, and dinner) suggested for Thursday. The analysis should include a comprehensive breakdown of each nutrient, incorporating the following elements:
Enhancing nutrient analysis in the AI-Driven Menu Plan To further evaluate whether the menu plan or individual meals meet an individual’s Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), additional steps can be integrated into the assessment algorithm. Users can request ChatGPT to generate supplementary steps that enhance the accuracy and depth of the nutrient analysis. These additional steps are be incorporated at the end of the comprehensive nutrient evaluation to refine the menu plans, or individual meals. Nutrient analysis and weekly dietary assessment A comprehensive evaluation of nutrient intake can be achieved by analyzing the nutritional composition of menu meals across different time frames. For instance, users may request a detailed breakdown of nutrients for a specific day (e.g., Sunday) or across an entire week or months of the generated menu plan. This method provides a more precise assessment of the nutritional value of each meal and its contribution to overall dietary needs. Evaluating nutrient intake over a longer period is particularly valuable, as daily fluctuations in nutrient consumption are common and may not accurately reflect long-term dietary patterns. In addition, to enhance the analysis of nutrient intake, nutrients can be categorized into specific groups, including essential and non-essential nutrients, conditionally essential nutrients, and endogenously synthesized nutrients (see Table 1 in Appendix A). This classification offers a structured approach to understanding nutrient contributions from dietary sources. As well, a detailed assessment of nutrient content in the selected menu meals can be incorporated. ChatGPT can be utilized to generate precise nutrient quantities for each meal or a specified day. The analysis should compare the nutrient content of menu meals with established daily value (RDA) recommendations. For instance, the recommended daily intake for calcium is 1,000 mg, while vitamin B12 is required at 6 mcg per day. Each nutrient’s contribution from the menu meals can then be measured against these standards so to determine whether the dietary intake meets, exceeds, or falls below the recommended values as established by the RDA. Comparing the Western diet vs. the AI-Driven All-Nutrient Diet using ChatGPT To investigate the nutritional implications of different dietary patterns,a comparative analysis was conducted between the Western diet (i.e., prompt: create a weekly menu plan consisting of 60 percent ultra processed food and 40 percent non processed food…) with the AI-Driven All-Nutrient Diet generated by ChatGPT (i.e., prompt: create a menu plan that includes all essential nutrients necessary to sustain long-term optimal health…). The results of this comparison aligned with existing literature on the impact of diet. As anticipated, a diet high in ultra-processed foods exhibited a notable reduction in essential nutrients, including key vitamins and minerals. This finding is consistent with previous research highlighting the nutritional deficiencies associated with high ultra-processed food consumption. Predicting the effects of a 60% ultra processed diet A diet consisting of 60% ultra-processed foods and 40% unprocessed foods has substantial short- and long-term consequences for metabolic health, cognitive function, and overall well-being. The short-term effects include increased caloric intake, blood sugar fluctuations, gut microbiome imbalances, digestive issues and systemic inflammation. The long-term effects of a diet consisting of 60% ultra-processed foods include an increased risk of obesity and metabolic disorders, as well as insulin resistance, characteristic of type 2 diabetes. Additionally, excessive consumption of sodium, trans fatty acids, and refined sugars (high in carbs but lacking basic nutrients) contribute to a heightened risk of cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, chronic consumption of ultra-processed foods is associated with cognitive decline and mental health challenges, potentially linked to chronic inflammation (neuro-inflammation), and nutrient deficiencies. Emerging research also suggests that prolonged exposure to these dietary patterns can lead to epigenetic modifications and altered DNA, further exacerbating the risk of metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases (Lane, Gamage, Du et al., 2024; Llauradó-Pont, Stratakis, Fiorito, et al., 2025). The above findings reinforce the growing body of evidence suggesting that diets high in ultra-processed foods not only compromise nutrient intake but also increase the risk of chronic disease and cognitive decline. As ChatGPT and empirical research continues to evolve, it becomes imperative to explore alternative dietary strategies that prioritize better dietary patterns, such as whole, nutrient-dense foods, promoting long-term health: physical, mental, and cognitive health. The imperative of professional guidance It should be emphasized that despite the substantial capabilities of large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4 (soon GPT-5), Google's Gemini developed by Google DeepMind, and Deeps Seek-R1 launched in late 2024 by Chinese entrepreneur Liang Wenfeng, Nevertheless, it is crucial to acknowledge their limitations. Importantly, these resources are not to be regarded as a replacement for the expertise of qualified healthcare professionals. In that context individuals facing significant health concerns are recommended to seek guidance from their physicians, psychologists, or registered dieticians, ensuring the sharing of information and fostering a collaborative approach with them. This collaborative effort aids professionals in interpreting complex medical data, diagnosing underlying conditions, and suggesting appropriate courses of action, including personalized dietary modification. Tracking progress on our dietary journey for optimal health It is imperative to scrutinize the transformation in overall health, including the physical, social, and emotional dimensions, to gauge the efficacy of any newly embraced diet and eating habits. This comprehensive approach ensures that the chosen course of action not only serves as a preventive measure against illness but actively promotes optimal health and a more fulfilling and enriching lifestyle (Kesari& Noel, 2023). Physical assessments to evaluate adoption of a new diet Ongoing assessments, integral to gauging an individual's overall well-being, can signify health enhancements resulting from the adoption of a new diet, food supplements. Other assessments may include stress management techniques, mindfulness practices, continuous learning, and/or financial well-being. These assessments include key metrics such as blood glucose and cholesterol levels, blood pressure, waist-to-hip ratio, resting heart rate, muscle strength, balance, and coordination, as well as pain and discomfort levels. Blood tests for evaluating dietary efficacy A comprehensive blood test panel serves as an essential tool for monitoring key biomarkers related to dietary efficacy and overall health. For example, a lipid profile evaluates cholesterol and triglyceride levels, which are critical indicators of cardiovascular health. High cholesterol or elevated triglycerides can increase the risk of heart disease, making regular monitoring essential for individuals following specific dietary regimens (Lichford, 2011) To assess micronutrient status, a vitamin and mineral panel measures key nutrients, including Vitamin D, Vitamin B12, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, zinc, and selenium. These micronutrients play vital roles in immune function, cognitive performance, and overall physiological well-being. Deficiencies or imbalances in these nutrients can affect energy levels, immune response, and neurological function, highlighting the importance of regular assessment. E-devices for health and fitness tracking The integration of electronic tracking devices into health and wellness technology represents a significant shift in how individuals monitor and prioritize their physical well-being. Wearable devices, such as the Apple Watch series, offer a wide range of health-related functions, enabling users to track various aspects of their fitness and overall health in real time. One of the key features of the Apple Watch is heart rate monitoring, which provides users with continuous insights into their cardiovascular health. Additionally, sleep tracking helps individuals assess their sleep patterns, offering valuable data on sleep quality and duration. These features allow users to make informed decisions about their health and lifestyle. Beyond physical health monitoring, the Apple Watch extends its capabilities through the App Store, which offers a diverse selection of applications designed to support mental health. These applications provide tools for stress management, guided meditation, and mood tracking, enhancing the device's role in overall well-being. As health technology continues to evolve, electronic devices play an increasingly vital role in assessing the efficacy of newly adopted dietary and lifestyle changes. By providing real-time data on key health metrics, these devices empower individuals to make evidence-based adjustments to their habits, ultimately supporting long-term health and wellness. Assessing cognitive function following dietary changes Cognitive function can be systematically evaluated following dietary modifications, lifestyle adjustments, or the adoption of new eating habits. By utilizing targeted assessment tools, individuals can gain insight into various cognitive abilities and their potential changes in response to dietary interventions. To facilitate this evaluation, users can engage with ChatGPT-based prompts designed to assess a wide range of cognitive functions. These functions include memory retention, sustained and selective attention, language proficiency, spatial reasoning, logical reasoning, and decision-making skills. Individuals may tailor their assessments to focus on specific areas of interest. For example, they can input prompts aimed at measuring different types of memory, such as short-term memory, long-term memory, or autobiographical memory. Following the assessment, users will be required to rate their performance on the specific cognitive function being measured. Monitoring psychological well-being A plethora of questionnaires are available to assess the diverse impacts of a diet on emotional states and psychological well-being. To access these instruments on the OpenAI.com platform, users can input the prompts below, which yield a variety of scales utilizing quantitative methods to better evaluate the nuanced effects of a diet on emotional states and well-being. List questionnaires employing scales ranging from 1 to 10 that assess the effect of a diet on our emotional states and psychological well-being. Participants are required to assess each question on the provided scale, facilitating a comparative analysis of results over time. For example, on the Emotional resilience and stress coping questionnaire, a scale of 1 to 10 follows each question to evaluate the perceived changes in emotional resilience and ability to cope with stress following a diet change. In essence, accurate pre- and post-diet measurements are essential for both individuals and health professionals alike. These measurements serve as critical benchmarks to evaluate the effectiveness of newly adopted diets, altered eating habits, or lifestyle changes for improving overall health, fostering healing, or enhancing overall well-being. It is imperative to utilize these assessments in order to gain precise insights into the impact of dietary changes on one's health status. |
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APPENDIX A Table1. Overview of nutrients listed according to functionality
Table 2. Examples of minerals containing rare earth elements
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